On April 19, 2024, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a pre-publication copy of its much-anticipated final rule adding two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the list of “hazardous substances” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund). The rule will be effective 60 days after publication in the Federal Register.
EPA’s action is precedent-setting. PFOA and PFOS have been the leading candidates for regulation for some time, and subjecting them to regulation under CERCLA will have sweeping impacts on many industries. Not only will facilities be subject to new reporting obligations for spills and other releases, but designation of PFOA and PFOS will likely lead to a significant rise in expensive and disruptive Superfund litigation, EPA-driven enforcement actions, and compliance costs related to site investigation and cleanup that EPA admitted cannot be known at this time with reasonable certainty. Additionally, EPA’s action represents the first time the agency has exercised its discretion to designate any substance as a hazardous substance under CERCLA section 102(a) since Congress codified this authority over forty years ago.


